A smart contract cannot see outside its own chain. Oracles solve that by reporting external facts on-chain, and bridges solve the sibling problem of moving value between chains. Both are trust re-introduced into systems built to remove it.
An oracle's price feed is a claim about the world, and every contract downstream inherits whatever the feed gets wrong. The mitigations — many independent reporters, medianised values, deviation thresholds — are the same ones a prediction market's resolution source needs, which is why this category is worth understanding here specifically.
Bridges have been the single largest source of losses in crypto by value. The reason is structural: a bridge concentrates the assets of every chain it connects into one contract, which makes it the highest-value target available.
12 coins
Coins in Oracles & interoperability, by market capitalisation